Tess of the D’Urbervilles

中文名：
德伯家的苔丝
作者：
托马斯·哈代 Thomas Hardy
类型：
小说经典
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德伯家的苔丝(Tess of the D’Urbervilles)简介：

Tess Durbeyfield is a 16-year-old simple country girl, the eldest daughter of John and Joan Durbeyfield. In a chance meeting with Parson Tringham along the road one night, John Durbeyfield discovers that he is the descendent of the d’Urbervilles, an ancient, monied family who had land holdings as far back as William the Conqueror in 1066. Upon this discovery, the financially strapped Durbeyfield family learns of a nearby “relative,” and John and his wife Joan send Tess to “claim kin” in order to alleviate their impoverished condition. While visiting the d’Urbervilles at The Slopes, Tess meets Alec d’Urberville, who finds himself attracted to Tess. Alec arranges for Tess to become the caretaker for his blind mother’s poultry, and Tess moves to The Slopes to take up the position. While in residence at the d’Urbervilles, Alec seduces and rapes Tess.

Tess returns home, gives birth to a son, Sorrow, the product of the rape, and works as a field worker on nearby farms. Sorrow becomes ill and dies in infancy, leaving Tess devastated at her loss. Tess makes another journey away from home to nearby Talbothays Dairy to become a milkmaid to a good-natured dairyman, Mr. Crick. There she meets and falls in love with a travelling farmer’s apprentice, Angel Clare. She tries to resist Angel’s pleas for her hand in marriage but eventually marries Angel. He does not know Tess’ past, although she has tried on several occasions to tell him. After the wedding, Tess and Angel confess their pasts to each other. Tess forgives Angel for his past indiscretions, but Angel cannot forgive Tess for having a child with another man.

Angel suggests that the two split up, with Angel going to Brazil for a year and Tess going back home. Tess agrees and returns to her parent’s house. Tess eventually leaves home again for work in another town at Flintcomb-Ash farm, where the working conditions are very harsh. Tess is reunited with some of her friends from Talbothays, and they all settle in at Flintcomb to the hard work routine. Tess is determined to see Angel’s family in nearby Emminster but loses her nerve at the last minute. On her return to Flintcomb, Tess sees Alec again, now a practicing evangelical minister, preaching to the folks in the countryside. When Alec sees Tess, he is struck dumb and leaves his position to pursue her. Alec follows her to Flintcomb, asking her to marry him. Tess refuses in the strongest terms, but Alec is persistent.

Tess returns home to find her mother recovering from her illness, but her father, John, dies suddenly from an unknown ailment. The burden of her family’s welfare falls on Tess’ shoulders. Destitute now and homeless (they have been evicted from their cottage), the Durbeyfields have nowhere to go. Tess knows that she cannot resist Alec’s money and the comforts her family can use. Furthermore, Alec insists that Angel will never return and has abandoned her—an idea that Tess has already come to believe herself.

In the meantime, Angel returns from Brazil to look for Tess and to begin his own farm in England. When Angel finds Tess’ family, Joan informs him that Tess has gone to Sandbourne, a fashionable seaside resort in the south of England. Angel finds Tess there, living as an upper-class lady with Alec d’Urberville. In the meeting with Angel, Tess asks him to leave and not return for her. Angel does leave, resigned that he had judged Tess too harshly and returned too late.

After her meeting with Angel, Tess confronts Alec and accuses him of lying to her about Angel. In a fit of anger and fury, Tess stabs Alec through the heart with a carving knife, killing him. Tess finds Angel to tell him of the deed. Angel has trouble believing Tess’ story but welcomes her back.

The two travel the countryside via back roads to avoid detection. Their plan is to make for a port and leave the country as soon as possible. They spend a week in a vacant house, reunited in bliss for a short time. They are discovered, however, and the trail ends at Stonehenge, the ancient pagan monument, when the police arrest Tess and take her away.

Before she is executed for her crime, Tess has Angel promise to marry her sister Liza Lu once she is gone. Angel agrees and he, along with Liza Lu, witnesses a black flag raised in the city of Wintoncester, signifying that Tess’ death sentence has been carried out. The two, Angel and Liza Lu, leave together, and the tragic tale of Tess ends.

　　好吃懒做的杰克·德贝菲尔德证自己的女儿苔丝去拜访一个富贵之家的亲戚，苔丝的母亲希望苔丝能给对方留下一个好印象，说不定还能和这家的儿子对成良缘呢。
　　苔丝见到的所谓亲戚是一个瞎眼的老太太和他的衣冠楚楚的儿子亚历克，亚历克哄编苔丝到他家的饲养场工作，天真的苔丝虽然对亚历克怀有戒心，但还是没有能逃过他的魔掌，亚历克终于把苔丝占有了。
　　苔丝回家把这一切告诉了母亲，母亲还认为亚历克能娶自己的女儿。苔丝在人产的白眼中生活，亚历克仍然继续纠缠她。秋天到了，苔丝在亚历克不知道的情况下生下了孩子，孩子很快就夭折了。苔丝只身来到一个远离家乡的牛奶场当了一名挤奶工。
　　牛奶场还有一位牧师的儿子安吉尔，挤奶女工们都想接近安吉尔，但安吉尔却喜欢上了苔丝。苔丝认为自己不道德，总是躲着安吉尔。安吉尔锲而不舍地追求她，苔丝终于同意了。
　　婚礼前夜，苔丝给安吉尔写了一封信，坦白了她与亚历克的一切，没想到安吉尔并没有看到那封信。后来她多次想对安吉尔说明白，但却一直没有机会。新婚之夜，安吉尔对苔丝说，他曾同一个女人放荡过一夜，苔丝原谅了他，并说了自己与亚历克的事，她以为安吉尔也会原谅她的，但安吉尔却受到了深深的伤害，他告诉苔丝，她不是他所喜欢的女人，他离开了她出走了。
　　苔丝陷入了饥饿的威胁中，只好在田里从事艰苦的劳动。这时她又遇到了亚历克，亚历克已经成了一名传道士，他又开始追逐苔丝。苔丝给安吉尔写了一封信，请亚历克的母亲代转，信中说正有一个敌人追她，她请求安吉尔原谅她，赶快回到她身边。
　　好长时间苔丝收不到安吉尔的回信，而在亚历克追求下，苔丝的心软了，她认为安吉尔不能原谅她，便又回到了亚历克的身边。
　　没想到此时安吉尔回来了，他是来请苔丝宽恕他的，可是他见到的却是苔丝与亚历克生活在一起，他转身离去，感情又一次受到了深深的伤害。
　　苔丝更加恨亚历克，她在亚历克熟睡时杀死了他，然后去找安吉尔。安吉尔原谅了她，他们在一起生活了几天的快乐日子。
　　警官来了，苔丝正在熟睡，安吉尔请求警官等她醒来时再抓她。
　　苔丝醒了，她勇敢地站起来准备面对绞架，她已经无所畏惧。　　

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