The Jungle

中文名：
屠场
作者：
辛克莱 Upton Sinclair
类型：
小说经典
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屠场(The Jungle)简介：

The Jungle is a 1906 novel written by author and journalist Upton Sinclair. Sinclair wrote this novel to highlight the plight of the working class and to remove from obscurity the corruption of the American meatpacking industry during the early 20th century. The novel depicts in harsh tones the poverty, absence of social programs, unpleasant living and working conditions, and hopelessness prevalent among the working class, which is contrasted with the deeply rooted corruption on the part of those in power. The sad state of turn-of-the-century labor is placed front and center for the American public to see, suggesting that something needed to be changed to get rid of American "wage slavery".[1] The novel is also an important example of the "muckraking" tradition begun by journalists such as Jacob Riis. Upton Sinclair came to Chicago with the intent of writing The Jungle; he had been given a stipend by the socialist newspaper The Appeal to Reason. Upon his arrival in the lobby of the Chicago Transit House, a hotel near the stockyards, he was quoted as saying, "Hello! I'm Upton Sinclair, and I'm here to write the Uncle Tom's Cabin of the Labor Movement!"[2]. He rented living quarters and immediately immersed himself in the city by walking its streets, talking to its people, and taking pictures. One Sunday afternoon, he worked his way into a group of Lithuanian immigrants getting together for a wedding party – "Behold, there was the opening scene of my story, a gift from the gods". He was welcomed to the festivities and stayed until two o'clock in the morning.[3]

The novel was first published in serial form in 1905. "After five rejections", its first edition as a novel was published by Doubleday, Page & Company on February 28, 1906, and it became an immediate bestseller.[1] It has been in print ever since.

1905年2月至11月，《屠场》在《诉诸理性》上连载。全书结构颇似狄更斯式的流浪汉小说，写一对来自立陶宛的新婚夫妇——约吉斯和奥娜——的悲惨遭遇。他们满怀憧憬从家乡来寻找美国梦，在芝加哥肉食加工厂找到工作，以为美好生活将从此开始。不料灾难接踵而至，先是约吉斯工伤失业，接着奥娜被工头奸污，约吉斯怒打工头而入狱，随后妻子难产死亡，幼小的儿子淹死。亲朋好友中男的流落街头，女的被逼为娼，美国梦演变为最可怕的梦魇。文学的特权就是能将一百个人的不幸都让一个人来承受，凡是能想到的人间悲剧似乎都降临到了约吉斯。更有甚者，这个万恶的资本主义机器不仅害得他家破人亡，还毒害了他的心灵。他自暴自弃，干起合伙抢劫的勾当，甚至还在屠场罢工时当了工贼。所幸的是，在风起云涌的工运中，约吉斯终于找到了社会主义，他的阶级觉悟被唤醒。小说结尾时，他深信社会主义是唯一的出路，而这也正是辛克莱的信仰。

《屠场》原名The Jungle，更确切的意思是“丛林”，辛克莱要揭露的远远超出屠场的肮脏，而是这个弱肉强食世界的丛林原则。这是一本社会主义宣传小说，是对资本主义制度下工人被非人化的抗议。杰克·伦敦认为，《汤姆叔叔的小屋》为黑奴所做的，正是《屠场》为今天的工资奴隶所做的。读者可以看到，对屠场污秽环境的描写只占全书很少篇幅，而且主要是从工作条件之恶劣的角度来写的。辛克莱的本意不是揭露食品安全问题，对他来说，资本主义机器对人和人性的强暴要严重得多。这就是为什么他说公众没有领会小说的主要精神，换言之，屠场的肮脏有点喧宾夺主。

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