Doctrine of the Mean

中文名：
中庸
作者：
孔子 Confucius
类型：
小说经典
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中庸(Doctrine of the Mean)简介：

"In the The Doctrine of the Mean, one of the writings attributed to Confucius, many of the central doctrines of Confucianism are elaborated. The characteristic of jen is articulated in terms of a cluster of related moral terms including the Five Relationships, the principle of reciprocity (the Golden Rule), and various forms of virtue. The heart of Confucianism is explained here as the adoption of the policies of inculcating virtue in people by the example of tradition and the jen of the superior person. Confucius (551-479 B.C.) sought to impose an integrated socio-ethical order in an attempt to secure the peace among warring states in China. Several talented and influential disciples adopted Confucius' philosophy during his time, but apparently Confucius, himself, never obtained the opportunity to apply his cultural changes from high office. Confucius thought the foundation of social order is to be based on the jen or "human-heartedness" of the chun tzu or "superior man." The path to jen, the highest virtue, is reached through the practice of li, the principles of social order. The ruler is an ideal man or superior man, a chun tzu, who governs by jen. Confucius' ideas gained influence through successive generations of his students and were finally adopted during the Han dynasty six centuries later."

　　《中庸》原是《小戴礼记》中的一篇。作者为孔子后裔子思，后经秦代学者修改整理。它也是中国古代讨论教育理论的重要论著。
　　《中庸》是被宋代学人提到突出地位上来的，宋一代探索中庸之道的文章不下百篇，但最早探索《中庸》的并非儒生，而是卒于宋真宗乾兴元年的方外之士——释智圆。智圆之后，司马光则是宋儒中论中庸较早的一个。后来北宋程颢、程颐极力尊崇《中庸》。南宋朱熹又作《中庸集注》，并把《中庸》和《大学》、《论语》、《孟子》并列称为“四书”。宋、元以后，《中庸》成为学校官定的教科书和科举考试的必读书，对古代教育产生了极大的影响。
　　我认为《中庸》是恰到好的合理，不是折中。谢谢!
　　中庸就是即不善也不恶的人的本性。从人性来讲，就是人性的本原，人的根本智慧本性。实质上用现代文字表述就是“临界点”，这就是难以把握的“中庸之道”。人性的不善也不恶的本性，从临界点向上就是道；向下就是非道。向上就是善；向下就是恶。

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